In the annals of computing, ELIZA stands out as a pioneering chatbot that fooled us into thinking it was more than it was—a psychologist with a script. Its simple yet deceptively clever responses have inspired generations of programmers and writers.

However, the true story of ELIZA is far from straightforward. Our book, Inventing ELIZA, unearths its source code from MIT archives, revealing multiple versions designed to run a wide variety of scripts or personas. This intricate program laid the groundwork for our relationship with AI, prompting philosophical and social critiques about human-computer interaction.

The infamous dialog, like 'Men are all alike,' is reprinted countless times, inspiring questions: was this young woman a real person, or a creation of ELIZA’s creator Joseph Weizenbaum? How did the system generate its responses, and how much were they edited?

ELIZA sparked the 'ELIZA effect,' where people attribute empathy to computers, much like Turing's imitation game. Weizenbaum was concerned by this tendency, warning of our propensity to project complexity onto technology. In today’s era of generative AI, these questions remain pertinent.