Justin Mast’s life was changed by a cyborg plant. A few years ago, he stumbled upon research about a houseplant wired to a motorized stand. When the plant wanted more light, electrical signals flowed through the living tissues. A control board sensed the current and wheeled the plant closer to the light source. “That was the entry to the rabbit hole for me,” Mast told TechCrunch.

Mast wound up partnering with Lee von Kraus, a neuroscientist who has worked with DARPA, to found Electric Plant, which has been spending the past three years collecting data to build a large language model, Bombadil, capable of interpreting the subtle electrical signals coursing through a plant’s stem and relaying details about the plant’s needs to growers. The founders believe their model could one day lead to a tool that would let people “speak” to plants. “We’re listening more than we’re speaking, but listening’s the first step,” said Mast, co-founder and CEO of Electric Plant.

Even in the most controlled greenhouses, farmers and growers don’t have full visibility of what their plants require, Mast said. Traditionally, farmers, growers, and foresters have relied on coarse tools that react to plants’ demands for water, nutrients, or light. And tools like soil probes, handheld spectroscopes, and satellite imagery work well enough, but they leave much to be desired, Mast said. “That technology is sophisticated, but its ability to get at the inside of the plant isn’t very sophisticated. Most of that stuff still lags quite a bit behind the real-time needs of the plant,” he said.

The startup’s sensors are also significantly cheaper than existing tools, which generally cost thousands of dollars. “This is tens of dollars,” he said. The sensors, about the size of a regular iPhone folded lengthwise, are attached to a plant using stainless steel screws. The screws must penetrate the cambium – the layer of living tissue just under the bark – to connect to the microvolt changes occurring within the plant. Data collected from these sensors is sent to a base station via a low-power wireless network. Electric Plant only needs a couple sensors per acre for accurate results, Mast said. The data gets interpreted by Bombadil in the cloud, and the results are sent back to the customer, who can use it to, for example, adjust their watering or fertilizer schedules. Mast claims such a system can boost yields while reducing water use by 20% or more.

Mast wouldn’t disclose who Electric Plant’s initial customers are, but it’s easy to imagine applications in agriculture and forestry. Bombadil’s first hundred-plus species runs the gamut of plant forms, from ferns, redwoods, and tomatoes to dahlias. “This is the most diverse model ever created on biological electrical signals,” he said. “No one’s ever done anything equivalent to this in the animal world.”