Lucas was 16 when he hacked his school computers, a feat that earned him two infractions. He simply wanted to access blocked sites and play games but ended up taking apart the machines in his search for knowledge.

The police stepped in through Cyber Choices, a programme aimed at guiding young hackers towards constructive use of their skills. PC Sam Cooper engaged with Lucas, explaining legal boundaries and offering encouragement over months of one-on-one meetings.

More than 1,150 cases have been referred to the scheme since its inception eight years ago, highlighting the growing concern among authorities about teenage hacking groups. These young hackers have been linked to major attacks on organisations such as Transport for London and Marks & Spencer.

The NCA’s Paul Foster notes that many offenders begin by experimenting with technology before becoming involved in online communities where hacking is encouraged. He observes that a majority of those engaged are neurodiverse, often fixated on their targets.

While critics argue teaching cyber skills to young hackers might make them more capable offenders, the NCA believes interventions like Cyber Choices can prevent serious offending by offering alternative paths.