Mariam, a UAE-based Facebook group admin, disabled Messenger after relentless messages. "They either want to advise you to be holy and cover up, or they want to sexually harass you—or both," she says. The influx of unsolicited advice and harassment, often from men, prompted her to take a stand for her mental well-being.

The "manosphere" is a toxic ecosystem where male grievance and anti-feminism mix with religion. In the "Muslim manosphere," influencers rebrand Western ideas with religious language. A researcher describes how creators use religion to address anxieties about masculinity, marriage, and social change, turning women into scapegoats.

These ideas seep into the digital realm, where influencers like Ali Dawah, dubbed "Dawah Bros," harass women in public and online. A report found 72% of hate speech and harassment comments on Instagram targeted women, with 85% directed at female influencers. This toxic mix of religion and online platforms makes for a dangerous environment.

The recommendation systems of social media further exacerbate the issue. Once an account is created, algorithms quickly start serving misogynistic content, catering to those who seek it. The online world, meant for connection and community, risks becoming a battleground for these ideologies.