The US Federal Communications Commission has given the green light for Reflect Orbital's Eärendil-1 satellite, a giant mirror in orbit that can reflect sunlight onto Earth during night-time. The startup claims it could boost solar energy production but critics fear it will increase light pollution and interfere with astronomical observations.

Equipped with an 18-meter reflector, the satellite is designed to illuminate areas up to 6 kilometers across for brief periods, inspired by Tolkien's character Eärendil. Reflect Orbital envisions operating 50,000 such satellites by 2035, creating a novel industry that could transform nocturnal landscapes.

However, the project has sparked controversy. Astronomers warn it could disrupt their work and affect nocturnal ecosystems. The FCC decision, which covers only one experimental satellite for now, may not address all concerns about light pollution and sky aesthetics.

In a statement, the startup pledged to engage with stakeholders, ensuring precise control of reflected sunlight and minimal disruption. Yet, as Betty Kioko from the European Southern Observatory noted: 'For optical astronomy, this is an existential threat.'

The approval sets a precedent for future space-based lighting initiatives but also highlights the delicate balance between technological innovation and environmental protection.